How Does Solar Energy Work?

Solar energy joins wind and water as key sources of renewable energy that don’t draw on the Earth’s finite resources and are considered environmentally friendly. 

How does solar energy work? The sun’s light rays are harnessed to produce electricity through a technology called photovoltaics (photo=light; voltaic=electricity).  Solar or photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductor material, and connected together to form modules and panels. Panels are generally installed on the roof, either fixed or movable, to follow the path of the sun and take advantage of the maximum sun exposure. 

When sunlight hits the cells, electrons are knocked loose in a movement that produces a current of electricity that can be drawn for external use. Because the electricity generated is direct current (DC), it must be converted to alternating current (AC) in order to be used in the home. This conversion process is accomplished by an inverter, which is connected to the home and the electric grid of the power provider. To learn more about solar energy, check out the comprehensive Consumer Guide available through the U.S. Department of Energy. Just click on www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf